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MUST WE AGE?
A long life in a healthy, vigorous, youthful body has always been one of humanity's greatest dreams. Recent progress in genetic manipulations and calorie-restricted diets in laboratory animals hold forth the promise that someday science will enable us to exert total control over our own biological aging.
Nearly all scientists who study the biology of aging agree that we will someday be able to substantially slow down the aging process, extending our productive, youthful lives. Dr. Aubrey de Grey is perhaps the most bullish of all such researchers. As has been reported in media outlets ranging from 60 Minutes to The New York Times, Dr. de Grey believes that the key biomedical technology required to eliminate aging-derived debilitation and death entirely--technology that would not only slow but periodically reverse age-related physiological decay, leaving us biologically young into an indefinite future--is now within reach.
In Ending Aging, Dr. de Grey and his research assistant Michael Rae describe the details of this biotechnology. They explain that the aging of the human body, just like the aging of man-made machines, results from an accumulation of various types of damage. As with man-made machines, this damage can periodically be repaired, leading to indefinite extension of the machine's fully functional lifetime, just as is routinely done with classic cars. We already know what types of damage accumulate in the human body, and we are moving rapidly toward the comprehensive development of technologies to remove that damage. By demystifying aging and its postponement for the nonspecialist reader, de Grey and Rae systematically dismantle the fatalist presumption that aging will forever defeat the efforts of medical science.
- Sales Rank: #784880 in Books
- Published on: 2007-09-04
- Released on: 2007-09-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.86" h x 1.39" w x 6.01" l, 1.39 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 389 pages
Review
“(Dr.) de Grey is hardly just another fountain-of-youth huckster. His it-might-work ideas are based on existing, published, peer-reviewed research. He thinks more like an engineer than a scientist. If even one of his proposals works, it could mean years of extended healthy living.”
—Paul Boutin, The Wall Street Journal
From the Back Cover
People alive today could live to be a thousand years old
"His clarion call to action is the message neither of a madman nor a bad man, but of a brilliant, beneficent man of goodwill, who wants only for civilization to fulfill the highest hopes he has for its future."
--Dr. Sherwin Nuland, clinical professor of surgery at Yale University School of Medicine and author of How We Die and The Art of Aging
"Seems to me this man could be put in jail with reasonable cause."
--Dr. Martin Raff, emeritus professor of biology at University College London and coauthor of Molecular Biology of the Cell
A leading researcher sketches the real "fountain of youth"
- The most realistic way to combat aging is to rejuvenate the body at the molecular and cellular level, removing accumulated damage and restoring us to a biologically younger state.
- Comprehensive rejuvenation therapies can feasibly postpone age-related frailty and disease indefinitely, greatly extending our lives while eliminating, rather than lengthening, the period of late-life frailty and debilitation.
- A comprehensive panel of rejuvenation therapies could probably be validated in laboratory mice within a decade. We would then have a good chance of developing it for human use only a decade or two thereafter.
- Removing the causes of aging-related deaths will also eliminate all the suffering that aging inflicts on most people in the last years of their lives.
- Aging kills 100,000 people a day: old people, yes, but old people are people too. Social concerns about the effects of defeating aging are legitimate but don't outweigh the merits of saving so many lives and alleviating so much suffering.
About the Author
Aubrey de Grey, Ph.D., is chairman and chief science officer of the Methuselah Foundation. His major research interests are the role and causes of all forms of cellular and molecular damage in mammalian aging, and the design of interventions to reverse the age-related accumulation of such damage. He has published extensively on these and other areas of gerontology. He is also editor-in-chief of the high-impact journal Rejuvenation Research, the only peer-reviewed academic periodical focusing on intervention in aging. He has formulated a wide-ranging plan for the comprehensive and eventually indefinite postponement of age-related physical and mental decline, named SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence). He is the organizer of an ongoing series of conferences and workshops that focus on the key biomedical research relevant to SENS, and he also oversees the Methuselah Foundation's growing sponsorship of SENS research worldwide.
Michael Rae is Dr. de Grey's research assistant. He is the author of several scientific articles and commentaries in peer-reviewed scientific journals. He is a longtime member and onetime board member of the Calorie Restriction Society, a main contributor to the society's "How-to Guide," and a core scientific investigator with the society's Cohort Study, which seeks to document the feasibility of calorie restriction in humans and the potential human translatability of the anti-aging effects observed in laboratory organisms.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
After reading this - I sent him cash for research
By zoostra
A very important book.
Basically, explains:
1. All age-related health conditions (cancer, alzheimer's, heart disease)
are actually only caused by the component cells deteriorating
2. There are 7 ways that our cells deteriorate
A. how this happens
B. how we need to deal with each of the 7 ways
3. We can research how to maintain our cells, like we maintain a car,
4. Refutes the arguments against ending aging (eg population, etc)
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Accessible book, but not light on the science.
By Tobi R. Lehman
I just finished reading Dr. Aubrey de Grey’s Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime (2007), it was an accessible introduction to the biology of aging, and a way that it might be defeated. By default, I am skeptical about anti-aging techniques or claims of some sort of fountain of youth. I’ve heard de Gray’s idea on a podcast, and watched his TED talk. It sounded reasonable, but I wanted to learn more about the science to have a more informed opinion, so I read the book.
The plan is referred to as SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence). After reading the book, I think it is a plausible plan for an approach to reverse the effects of aging. I’ll summarize the idea and highlight some things from the book that weren’t covered in de Gray’s TED talk or podcast interview.
The central assumption of the book is that aging is the accumulation of seven types of damage:
Mitochondrial DNA mutations
Nuclear DNA mutations
Intercellular junk (e.g. lipofuscin)
Extracellular junk (e.g. beta amyloids)
Glycation (stiffens tissues leading to stroke, heart disease, etc.)
Cells not dying when they are supposed to (e.g. cancer)
Cells dying when they are not supposed to
Each of these types of damage is covered in detail in the book, along with one or more possible solutions. For example, number (7) can be treated by using stem cells to replace the lost cells, this has already been demonstrated to work, but there are political hurdles to stem cell research. A comprehensive plan to completely reverse the effects of aging may change this.
Another example is (1), he explained how mitochondria, which generate energy in the cells, have their own DNA, and they produce lots of reactive byproducts that damage the mitochondria’s own DNA. This can be fixed by saving a copy of the mitochondria DNA in the cell nucleus, where it is about 100 times less likely to mutate. Some forms of algae already do this, so it is not without precedent.
An interesting one is (5), or glycation, which is the process that leads to the gradual stiffening of tissues. Glucose in the blood sometimes sticks to proteins and causes them to tangle up, this is what happens with caramelization, but at a much slower rate. There are already biotechnology companies that are working on drugs that target glycation endproducts, it is possible to undo the glycation damage, further research is needed before all forms of glycation are fixed, but it is simply a matter of money and time.
All of the types of damage but (6) seemed relatively straightfoward to solve. It is (6) that is the most troublesome. Assuming all the other types of damage are satisfactorily solved, cancer is still a big problem. In order to keep a human healthy indefinitely, you’d need to prevent cancer growth. There are many types of cancer, and within cancers there are many types of cells, but they all have something in common. They have an active telemorase enzyme, which is what replenishes the telomeres (segments of junk DNA at either end, which shorten with every cell division). Since cancerous cells’ DNA keeps getting it’s telomere’s restored, they can reproduce indefinitely, this is the main threat of cancer, it can grow forever, until it disturbs its surroundings (your healthy tissue).
Aubrey de Grey has a solution for this, but it is the most extreme of the book: Remove all telemorase genes from all cells of the human body. This means that the remaining human body only last about 10 years. Since nuclear DNA mutations are inevitable, and sometimes lead to cancers, having all your cells be unable to replenish their telomeres means that all cancers would eventually hit a wall (after about 50 cell divisions). Then, to solve the problem of your cells running out of telomeres, new stem cells could be engineered with a copy of your DNA (minus the gene for telemorase), and you could top off your stem cell supply every 5-10 years.
The problem with making all your cells immortal is that cancer will eventually win. By making all your cells mortal, even cancerous ones, you can continue to get SENS therapy until you no longer want to stay alive. If aging is indeed the sum of those 7 types of damage, then this panel of therapies will enable humans to live indefinite youthful lifespans.
So it appears possible to keep humans alive as long as they want to live, and prevent the decay and the eventual death of the body. This is fantastic, as the majority of healthcare spending is due to this decay. If SENS (or something like it) can be developed afforably, it would save nations trillions of dollars in healthcare and social security spending, as well as give people the choice to live for centuries.
There is a follow up question that the book didn’t address, but it was outside the scope of the book, so I’ll address it here: [...]
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
How to Engineer the end of the effects of aging, even before Science fully solves the processes.
By Neo Aeonian
Aubrey de Grey is a rare combination of head in the stratosphere, feet on the ground unique thinker.
The world is filled with people who have grandiose thoughts but a complete unwillingness to do the leg work to check on the research that would make their thoughts scientific method test of, "Does it fit the data." And it is filled with people who cherry pick only the data that fits their theory. The world also has ample share of people who treat data as if there is no bigger picture, that the only valid ideas are those that are right there at ground level.
Ending Aging doesn't take either of those 3 well-worn paths. Ending Aging takes in all the data, points out the limitations of it's own theories, builds a framework of thinking in which one can plan out a research strategy that isn't about aging gracefully, isn't about more life in our years, but is really about taking a comprehensive approach to putting aging in the same dustbin of history that we've already placed tetanus, polio, small pox and dozens of other past scourges of humanity.
Ending aging is both bold and realistic, both broad brush strokes and deep dive. Ending aging isn't light reading. It's not a plan to follow some past paleo, natural guru whiz-bang notion. It is instead a credible, well thought out plan to attack aging at it's most vulnerable point, the addressable end products of the aging process.
"Ant-Aging: has been aproached scientifically before. "Ending Aging" is the first book to apply engineering perspectives and disciplines to the process of aging. Engineering isn't done by mastering every trait, but by bounding problems within a tolerance level where predictability is possible. It is this new concept that makes ending aging a breakthrough watershed book in the field.
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