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Semantics: Primes and Universals (St. in Classification Data Analysis), by Anna Wierzbicka
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Conceptual primitives and semantic universals are the cornerstones of a semantic theory which Anna Wierzbicka has been developing for many years. Semantics: Primes and Universals is a major synthesis of her work, presenting a full and systematic exposition of that theory in a non-technical and readable way. It delineates a full set of universal concepts, as they have emerged from large-scale investigations across a wide range of languages undertaken by the author and her colleagues. On the basis of empirical cross-linguistic studies it vindicates the old notion of the "psychic unity of mankind", while at the same time offering a framework for the rigorous description of different languages and cultures.
- Sales Rank: #348608 in Books
- Published on: 1996-05-09
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.19" h x 1.00" w x 6.06" l, 1.70 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 512 pages
Review
"One cannot help but be impressed by the range of language-related topics Wierzbicka's work encompasses and by the thorough control commanded by her of the relevant literature pertaining to these diverse areas"--Anthropological Linguistics
About the Author
Anna Wierzbicka is at Australian National University.
Most helpful customer reviews
31 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
This book represents the summary of Wierzbicka's works.
By A Customer
Wierzbicka's "Primes and Universals" is a summary of her decades of research. For those who have missed out on her earlier works, here it is.
Wierzbicka has a very clever way of dealing with semantics. Her approach (i.e. the Natural Semantic Metalanguage or NSM) is both intuitively simple and intellectual profound.
While many old schools of semantics struggled with the definition of meaning, and resorting to various explanations (e.g. fuzzy nature of meaning etc) to account for their inadequacies, Wierzbicka provided a universal approach to language meaning via NSM. The NSM approach is singularly the only universal approach to meaning. All other approaches are inadequate (e.g. fuzzy set theory, "meaning = use" approach etc), insufficient (e.g. prototype approach, which can only apply to certain groups of words), or irrelevant (e.g. truth conditioning etc). However, it is interesting to note that although the NSM approach is so effective, Wierzbicka's works are not widely referred to in the works of other semanticists (or for the matter, other linguists) especially outside Australia. For example, John Lyons hardly referred to Wierzbicka in his latest "Semantics". Richard Hudson's 1995 "Word Meaning" made no mention at all. Without a universal approach to semantics, it is not surprising that in both cases, the concept of meaning has not been made clear, confusing even.
In the book, Wierzbicka first gives an account of the NSM approach with the list of proposed primitives. She then moves on to discuss the syntax of the NSM (i.e. combinability of the primitives). The remaining chapters are mainly on the explications of words and grammatical structures, with justifications.
Besides being intellectually appealing, Wierzbicka's approach is also accessible for someone with minimal experience with linguistics. One does not require great understanding of other disciplines (e.g. philosophy, syntax, traditional semantic approaches etc) to grasp Wierzbicka's approach.
On the other hand, I think the list of semantic primitives proposed is not the final one. (I mean, I think the principle is intuitively sound but the set of primitives need to be perfected. For example, I do not think "word" is a primitive.) I also think Wierzbicka needs to account for the fact that each primitive is a word (and sometimes 2 like "there is"). We need to see why there are no bound morphemes in the list. Also, I would be very interested to see how Wierzbicka explicates prepositions or postpositions.
I would highly recommend this book to old school semanticists, semantic students of all levels, and even for the interested layman, who will find some chapters very interesting.
I definitely look forward to more findings on the NSM approach to semantics.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
definitive source for a very particular kind of semantics
By Casper Hauser
oriented more towards deconstructive than computational applications. weirzbicka is both rigorous and creative. you could call her model quirky, or brilliant, or both. definitely avery different approach than the more familiar montague grammar or distributional statistical treatments of which we see so much more. making computational use of her model, or finding its structure latent in corpora would be revolutionary, i challenge you!
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